
OK, I have learned a bunch about mandibular repositioning appliances since I showed this image the first time. I didn’t know what I didn’t know!! When, that happens, I do two things. Ask someone who does and go to pubmed.gov.
I called Keith Thornton in Dallas. Keith developed the TAP appliance many years ago and his practice is now limited to sleep dentistry. I asked him what he thought was going on. He provided me with a long bibliography and then I spent time on pubmed rooting out other info.
It is well documented in the literature, (Franson, 2004, Almeida, 2006 and Ghazal 2008) that mandibular repositioning appliances for sleep apnea and snoring have dental sequelae. Chen in 2008 reported these side effects: mandibular arch width increased more than maxillary arch width, crowding decreased in both arches, the curve of Spee became flat in the premolar area, the mandibular canine to second molar segment moved forward in relation to the maxillary arch, the bite opened and the overjet decreased except in some molar areas.
Net result is that the bite changes and there appear to be skeletal changes as well.
Anecdotally, Keith told me of a patient he followed for 10 years who developed a bilateral posterior open bite and protruded mandible. Upon death, they discovered he had left his body to science and a colleague of Keith’s was able to dissect the head. He reported normal joints on both sides, not the change in retrodiskal tissue one might expect.
Keith and the surgeon postulate that permanent changes occur in the fossa and the head of the condyle.
What does this mean to us as dentists? First, we are not qualified by training to treat sleep apnea and all of its complications. If we choose to do so, then we need to partner with a sleep physician for the long-term benefit of our patients. Second, when we do these kinds of appliances we need to be sure that our patients understand the risks and complications. That said, when the ramifications of true sleep apnea are understood by the patient, then it really is a no-brainer…chances of death compared to dental issues are pretty clear to most people.
Next…so, now what do I do with it now?

It’s often been said that youth is wasted on the young. But I think a lot of people feel that way about time, too. Looking back, we can remember when we had a lot more time on our hands, but not a lot of resources to make the most of it. Now that we’re established, it seems that each day is less about what we want to do and more about what we have to do. Part of that is just a natural consequence of being an adult and having obligations to our families and our businesses. But still—shouldn’t stronger economics create better, more abundant choices for how we spend our time?
I’ve always been a movie buff, not just because of the entertainment and escape they provide, but for the insights you can get into life and human nature. I was reminded of that when The Hurt Locker picked up the top prize at the Oscars.






